O plágio na produção científica na área da saúde: uma revisão da literatura / Plagiarism in scientific production in the health area: a literature review

A presente pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica, compreendida como uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Tem como questão principal: "Qual é o estado da arte no que tange a temática do plágio na produção científica da área da saúde no Brasil?". Considera que o plágio, apesar de se agravar na era da informação, existe há muito tempo e que este, quando se prolifera no fazer científico, nas publicações e passa despercebido por avaliadores, acarreta prejuízos financeiros, ético-morais e desprestígio da ciência. Uma forma de verificar como estão avançando as discussões e observar a apropriação desse tema pela comunidade científica brasileira dá-se mediante a apreciação de artigos sobre plágio publicados nos periódicos indexados em bases de dados. Este trabalho objetivou delinear o cenário da produção científica acerca do plágio na área da saúde a partir de artigos indexados em periódicos científicos brasileiros entre os anos de 2010 a 2015. A revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada nos bancos de dados eletrônicos LILACS, MEDLINE e ColecionaSUS, utilizando-se palavra-chave para capturar os artigos. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionadas 14 publicações. Verificou-se que a discussão sobre o plágio é ainda incipiente no Brasil. O plágio é visto como um assunto complexo que necessita de enfrentamento, com ações educativas desde a formação inicial, com corresponsabilização da sociedade e pesquisadores. Verificou-se que ainda há lacunas na produção científica brasileira.

This is a bibliographic research, understood as a systematic literature review. It attempts to answer the main question: "What is the state of the art regarding the topic of plagiarism in the scientific production in the health area in Brazil?". It considers that plagiarism, although worsened in the information age, has existed for a long time. And when it proliferates in the scientific work and publications, going unnoticed by evaluators, results in financial losses, damaging both ethical and moral prestige of the sciences. One way to check the advancement in the discussions and observe the appropriation of this issue by the Brazilian scientific community is through the appreciation of articles regarding plagiarism published in database-indexed journals. This study aimed to outline the scientific production scenario regarding plagiarism in health from articles indexed in Brazilian scientific journals between 2010 and 2015. A systematic literature review was conducted in the electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE and ColecionaSUS using keyword to capture the articles. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 publications were selected. It could be observed that the discussion regarding plagiarism is still incipient in Brazil. Plagiarism is seen as a complex issue that requires actions to be taken, including educational activities from the initial training, with co-responsibility of the society and researchers. It was also observed that gaps still exist in the Brazilian scientific production.

Phototherapy for mycosis fungoides.

Background: Both phototherapy and photochemotherapy have been used in all stages of mycosis fungoides since they improve the symptoms and have a favourable adverse effect profi le. Materials and Methods: We performed an extensive search of published literature using keywords like “phototherapy”, “photochemotherapy”, “NBUVB”, “PUVA”, “UVA1”, “mycosis fungoides”, and “Sezary syndrome”, and included systematic reviews, meta-analysis, national guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective open label studies, and retrospective case series. These were then arranged according to their levels of evidence. Results: Five hundred and forty three studies were evaluated, of which 107 fulfi lled the criteria for inclusion in the guidelines. Conclusions and Recommendations: Photochemotherapy in the form of psoralens with ultraviolet A (PUVA) is a safe, effective, and well tolerated fi rst line therapy for the management of early stage mycosis fungoides (MF), that is, stage IA, IB, and IIA (Level of evidence 1+, Grade of recommendation B). The evidence for phototherapy in the form of narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) is less robust (Level of evidence 2++, Grade of recommendation B) but may be considered at least as effective as PUVA in the treatment of early-stage MF as an initial therapy. In patients with patches and thin plaques, NB-UVB should be preferentially used. PUVA may be reserved for patients with thick plaques and those who relapse after initial NB-UVB therapy. For inducing remission, three treatment sessions per week of PUVA phototherapy or three sessions per week of NB-UVB phototherapy may be advised till the patient achieves complete remission. In cases of relapse, patients may be started again on PUVA monotherapy or PUVA may be combined with adjuvants like methotrexate and interferon (Level of evidence 2+, Grade of recommendation B). Patients with early-stage MF show good response to combination treatments like PUVA with methotrexate, bexarotene or interferon- α-2b. However, whether these combinations hold a signifi cant advantage over monotherapy is inconclusive. For late stage MF, the above-mentioned combination therapy may be used as fi rst-line treatment (Level of evidence 3, Grade of recommendation C). Currently, there is no consensus regarding maintenance therapy with phototherapy once remission is achieved. Maintenance therapy should not be employed for PUVA routinely and may be reserved for patients who experience an early relapse after an initial course of phototherapy (Level of evidence 2+, Grade of recommendation B). Bath-water PUVA may be tried as an alternative to oral PUVA in case the latter cannot be administered as the former may show similar effi cacy (Level of evidence 2-, Grade of recommendation C). In pediatric MF and in hypopigmented MF, both NB-UVB and PUVA may be tried (Level of evidence 3, Grade of recommendation D).

PubMed alternatives to search MEDLINE: An environmental scan.

The prime objective of this article is to introduce the newer methods to access, search and process MEDLINE citations. It also aims to provide a brief overview of each service’s salient features. A targeted search was conducted in MEDLINE through the OVID gateway. This was followed with a search in Google Scholar as well as Google and Bing. Ninety‑two web‑based services that can be used to search MEDLINE were identified. The list was shortened to 24 by applying a set of relevancy criteria to select those services more relevant to general medical and dental users. Salient features of the selected services are outlined and a use case based classification of the system has been proposed to help dental practitioners and researchers select the appropriate service for a given purpose.

Understanding traumatic blunt cardiac injury.

Cardiac injuries are classified as blunt and penetrating injuries. In both the injuries, the major issue is missing the diagnosis and high mortality. Blunt cardiac injuries (BCI) are much more common than penetrating injuries. Aiming at a better understanding of BCI, we searched the literature from January 1847 to January 2012 by using MEDLINE and EMBASE search engines. Using the key word "Blunt Cardiac Injury," we found 1814 articles; out of which 716 articles were relevant. Herein, we review the causes, diagnosis, and management of BCI. In conclusion, traumatic cardiac injury is a major challenge in critical trauma care, but the guidelines are lacking. A high index of suspicion, application of current diagnostic protocols, and prompt and appropriate management is mandatory.

A produção científica internacional sobre redução de danos: uma análise comparativa entre MEDLINE e LILACS / The international scientific production on harm reduction: a comparative analysis between MEDLINE and LILACS / La producción científica internacional sobre reducción de daños: un análisis comparativo entre MEDLINE y LILACS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar o percurso da redução de danos (RD) nos países onde foi difundida. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a RD significa uma nova forma de compreender e intervir nos problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas. O método consistiu na revisão das publicações científicas disponibilizadas nas bases MEDLINE, no período de 1996 a 2006 e LILACS, sem restrição de período. A análise das publicações aponta para difusão das estratégias e ampliação do campo da RD em vários países, e mostra diferenças significativas nas suas características, quando comparados países de capitalismo central e periférico.

The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the course of harm reduction (HR) in the countries where it was diffused. I started from the assumption that HR means new way of understanding and intervening in the problems related to drug use. The method consisted in the revision of scientific publications available in the MEDLINE, in the period of 1996 to 2006 and LILACS bases, without timeframe restriction. The analysis of the publications points to the diffusion of strategies and widening of the HR field in several countries, and shows significant differences in their characteristics when compared to countries of central and peripheral capitalism.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y analizar el trayecto de la reducción de daños (RD) en los países donde fue difundida. Se partió del presupuesto de que la RD significa una nueva manera de comprender e intervenir en los problemas relacionados al uso de drogas. El método consistió en la revisión de las publicaciones científicas hechas disponibles en las bases MEDLINE, en el período de 1996 a 2006 y LILACS, sin restricción de período. El análisis de las publicaciones apunta para difusión de las estrategias y ampliación del campo de la RD en diversos países, y muestra diferencias significativas en sus características, cuando comparados a países de capitalismo central y periférico.

Three decades of the Ceylon Medical Journal--analysis using MEDLINE (PubMed).

INTRODUCTION: The Ceylon Medical Journal (CMJ) is the only Sri Lankan medical journal that is indexed in MEDLINE (PubMed). Publications in the CMJ from 1965 March to 2001 December were analysed using the PubMed interface of MEDLINE. METHOD: Using PubMed we downloaded the CMJ bibliography in MEDLINE format. Important tagged fields were written to a Microsoft-Access database using a PubMed Grabber/Analyser program. The analysis was done using Access-SQL and PubMed queries. RESULTS: There were 1472 citations by 1373 authors. 944 authors had only one and 176 had two articles. The top 10 authors contributed 8% and the top 25, 15.4% of the articles. Publications types were: 68.5% 'journal articles', 10.4% letters, 4.2% historical articles and 4.1% reviews. Controlled clinical trials, randomised controlled trials and clinical trials together totalled only 39 (2.1%). Articles were classified using 2 to 44 medical subject headings (MeSH; average 11.4, mode 9) from the MeSH vocabulary. CMJ articles classified using broad MeSH categories were (top five): infections 370(15 %), pathological conditions signs and symptoms 266( 10.8%), haemic, lymphatic and immunologic 199 (7.7%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic 189 (7.7%), neoplasms 179(7.3%). DISCUSSION: For 938 (68%) authors, publishing in the CMJ was a one time affair. The top 50 authors contributed nearly a quarter (23.2%). A product of this research is an off-line CMJ searching system from 1965 to 2001 with menu driven search facilities which will be a useful tool for researchers.

Recuperação bibliográfica no Medline: como direcionar e otimizar suas pesquisas / Bibliographic retrieval in the Medline database: how to orient and optimize your research

São notórias a necessidade e as dificuldades do profissional de saúde para se manter atualizado no que toca às mais recentes aquisições no conhecimento médico. Além das questões relacionadas com a disponibilidade de tempo e custos, publicações com informações relevantes, metodologicamente filtradas, muitas vezes são de difícil localização. Tendo como base essas considerações, este artigo discute alguns aspectos conceituais, relacionados à busca de informações primárias e secundárias na base de dados bibliográfica MEDLINE. As principais características metodológicas e terminológicas dos estudos relacionados (transversal, ensaio clínico randomizado, coorte e caso-controle) são também apresentadas, a partir da definição das quatro áreas clínicas de interesse (diagnóstico, terapêutica, etiologia e prognóstico). Além de descrever características de recuperação de citações no MEDLINE, são apresentadas estratégias de busca ativa, priorizando a qualidade e a utilidade das publicações

MEDLINE, principal fuente de información biomédica / MEDLINE, main source of biomedical information

El sistema MEDLINE es, sin duda, el mejor banco de datos sobre asutos biomédicos, ya que contiene la información computarizada del INDEX MEDICUS, la del Indice Internacional De Enfermería y la del Indice de Literatura Dental. La información está ahora en discos CD.ROM lo que facilita y abarata la consulta y el sistema se encuentra en la hemerobiblioteca José Joaquín Izquierdo de la Facultad de medicina de la UNAM. En el artículo presente se explica ampliamente la estructura, alcance y limitaciones del sistema para que pueda ser consultado con provecho, tanto por usuarios locales como distantes a través de una red de cómputo